人工智能 (AI) 正迅速改变我们的世界，因此了解不同类型的人工智能非常重要。目前三种主要类型是，狭义人工智能（ANI）、通用人工智能（AGI）和超人工智能（ASI）。每种类型都有自己的能力并对我们的生活产生影响。
狭义人工智能 (ANI)
ANI，也称为“弱人工智能”，旨在执行特定任务。其只能在特定范围发挥功能，无法学习超出其编程范围的内容。我们可在日常生活中看到许多“弱人工智能”运用例子：
“弱人工智能”的范例：
语音助理：Siri和亚马逊Alexa利用语音辨识来执行设定提醒或播放音乐等任务。
推荐系统：奈飞和Spotify等平台会分析使用者行为，根据个人喜好推荐电影或歌曲。
自动驾驶汽车：特斯拉等公司采用视觉辨识技术来导航和回应驾驶环境。
“弱人工智能”可在许多领域协助人类。例如，在医疗保健领域，其可以分析患者记录并协助医生诊断疾病。在金融领域，其可以发现诈欺交易。
通用人工智能（AGI）
AGI，即“强人工智能”，旨在许多不同的领域中，能像人类一样思考和学习的工具。与弱人工智能仅限于特定功能不同，强人工智能可以适应各种情况和使用掌握的知识。目前，通用人工智能主要还只是一个构想，但许多研究人员正在努力将其变为现实。
强人工智能尚未创建出来，但其是许多人工智能研究人员的一个大目标。 强人工智能的一些构想包括了：
自动驾驶汽车：目标是制造能够在任何情况下自动驾驶的汽车，并能应对各种意外的挑战。这需要强人工智能在路上思考并做出决策。
进阶聊天机器人：未来的聊天机器人可以进行真实的对话，理解感受和对话脉络，而不仅仅是遵循简单的脚本。
对通用人工智能的探索让我们思考人类思维是多么复杂，以及在机器中复制人类思维的挑战。
超级人工智能（ASI）
超级人工智能是一个未来的构想，即人工智能在各方面都比人类更聪明。这种人工智能可以帮助解决全球气候变迁或疾病等重大问题。然而，超级人工智能仍然只是一个理论，我们目前还没有任何系统可以做到这一点。
若成功开发超级人工智能，其可能会在医学和环境科学等领域带来惊人的突破。但其也会带来了重大的隐忧：
控制：人们担心超级人工智能可能会以我们无法控制的方式行事，做出不符合人类价值观的选择。
生存风险：如果超级人工智能变得比人类更聪明，可能令人类面临生存风险局面。
这些关于超级人工智能的讨论表明了，我们需要负责任地开发人工智能，以确保其造福每个人。
当我们探索人工智能时，很明显我们才刚开始了解其潜力。从让我们生活更轻松的弱人工智能，到充满各种令人振奋可能的强人工智能和充满著种种未知的超级人工智能，人工智能的旅程都才刚开始。透过了解这些类型的人工智能，我们可以更好地为未来做好准备，并确保人工智能以积极的方式帮助人类。
陈奕强《人工智能的未来》原文： The future of AI
Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing our world quickly, and it’s important to know the different types of AI. The three main types are Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI). Each type has its own abilities and impacts on our lives.
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
ANI, also known as "weak AI," is designed to do specific tasks. It works within a limited area and cannot learn beyond what it is programmed to do. We see ANI in many everyday examples:
Examples of ANI
Voice Assistants: Siri and Amazon Alexa utilise speech recognition to perform tasks like setting reminders or playing music.
Recommendation Systems: Platforms like Netflix and Spotify analyse user behaviour to suggest movies or songs tailored to individual preferences.
Self-Driving Cars: Companies like Tesla employ vision recognition technology to navigate and respond to the driving environment.
ANI helps us in many fields. For example, in healthcare, it can analyse patient records and assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. In finance, it can spot fraudulent transactions.
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
AGI, or "strong AI," aims to think and learn like humans in many different tasks. Unlike ANI, which is limited to specific jobs, AGI can adapt and use knowledge in various situations. Right now, AGI is mostly an idea, but many researchers are trying to make it real.
AGI hasn’t been created yet, but it’s a big goal for many AI researchers. Some ideas for AGI include:
Self-Driving Cars: The goal is to create cars that can drive themselves in any situation, adjusting to unexpected challenges. This would require AGI to think and make decisions on the road.
Advanced Chatbots: Future chatbots could hold real conversations, understanding feelings and context, instead of just following simple scripts.
The search for AGI makes us think about how complicated human thinking is and the challenges of copying it in machines.
Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)
ASI is a future idea where AI is smarter than humans in every way. This kind of intelligence could help solve major problems like climate change or diseases. However, ASI is still just a theory, and we don’t have any systems that can do this yet.
If ASI is developed, it could lead to amazing breakthroughs in areas like medicine and environmental science. But it also brings up important concerns:
Control: People worry that ASI might act in ways we can’t control, making choices that don’t match human values.
Existential Risks: If ASI becomes smarter than humans, it could create situations where human survival is at risk.
These discussions about ASI shows that we need to develop AI responsibly to make sure it benefits everyone.
As we explore AI, it’s clear that we are just beginning to understand its potential. From ANI making our lives easier to the exciting possibilities of AGI and the unknowns of ASI, the journey of artificial intelligence is just starting. By learning about these types of AI, we can better prepare for the future and ensure that AI helps us in positive ways.
