陈奕强：人工智能治理和道德准则

科学、工艺及革新部长 (MOSTI) 于2024年9月20日推介《国家人工智能治理和道德准则》(AIGE)，这是国家管理人工智能 (AI) 的重要一步。这项倡议不仅仅是一套规则；这是一项全面计划，旨在确保人工智能技术在马来西亚得到负责任的开发和使用。尤其当我们进入一个更数码化的世界时，制定道德准则至关重要。

AIGE也支援2021-2025年马来西亚国家人工智能路线图，该路线图旨在在不同领域使用人工智能来提高生产力和创新。AIGE指南重点关注几个关键目标：

促进负责任的人工智能：AIGE制定了公平、可靠、安全、隐私、包容、透明和问责等重要原则。这些原则有助于指导开发人员和使用者创建将道德与技术一起考虑的人工智能系统。
建立信任：透过解决与人工智能开发和使用相关的风险，AIGE旨在建立大众对这些技术的信任。拥有明确的道德标准和问责措施对于人们对人工智能系统充满信心至关重要。
利益最大化：指南旨在透过负责任的人工智能使用来提高国家生产力和竞争力，同时遵循国际最佳实践。这将使马来西亚成为人工智能道德治理领域的领导者。

AIGE可解决与人工智能技术相关的几个重要道德问题：

公平：确保人工智能系统不会表现出偏见或歧视。
隐私和安全：资料收集和处理需要明确同意。
透明度：确保使用者了解人工智能如何做出决策。
责任：让开发人员对其人工智能系统的结果负责。
人类监督：确保人类保持对关键人工智能应用的控制。

这些道德考量对于建立公众对人工智能技术的信任至关重要，尤其是在人们对侵犯隐私和错误资讯的担忧日益加剧情况下。

AIGE也注重保护消费者权利，并认识到随著人工智能技术的变化，我们需要更好的方法来保护个人。指南中概述的主要消费者权利包括：

透明度：消费者应该对人工智能系统所做的决策得到清楚的解释。
资料隐私：个人资料必须在征得同意的情况下收集，并且仅用于特定目的。
反对和删除权：消费者可以质疑人工智能做出的决定并要求删除他们的资料。
非歧视：确保每个人都能平等地获得服务，而不会因个人特质而产生偏见。

这些保护措施非常重要，因为许多消费者希望在当今的数码世界中更好地控制自己的个人资料。

为了确保遵循这些准则，AIGE包括多种机制：

自主框架：鼓励利害关系人自愿遵守道德标准。
监管监督：政府机构将监督道德标准的遵守。
依据风险方案：根据与各种人工智能应用相关的风险分配不同的义务。
定期审查：指南将定期更新，以跟上技术进步。

这些措施旨在确保问责制，同时促进马来西亚不断发展的科技领域负责任的创新。

AIGE也与永续发展目标(SDG)和环境、社会和治理(ESG)原则等全球倡议保持一致。这种对齐方式有许多好处：

促进永续实践：鼓励解决气候变迁等全球挑战的解决方案。
增强社会公平：确保每个人都能受惠于技术发展，特别是边缘化社群。
提高企业责任：鼓励公司在道德实践方面采取负责任的行动。
推动经济成长：促进各领域的创新。
建立信任和接受：透过道德考量提高公众对科技的信心。

行业领导者相信，遵循这些原则有利于社会，并提高公司在日益关注永续发展的市场中声誉。

我认为AIGE的成立是马来西亚向前迈出的一大步。其不仅解决了眼前的道德问题，也为科技业的永续成长奠定了基础。透过优先考虑道德实践，我们可以确保所有马来西亚人而不是少数人都能享受到人工智能的好处。

此外，提高透明度和问责制将使消费者能够在与人工智能技术的互动中做出明智的决定，从而增强消费者的能力。在数码素养至关重要的时代，这种赋权至关重要。

AIGE鼓励的协作方式——将政府机构、行业参与者和民间社会聚集在一起——将有助于就科技在我们生活中的作用建立更具包容性的对话。当我们接受这些准则时，我们可通过科技在未来建立一个道德和公平的社会。

总之，《国家人工智能治理与道德准则》代表了一种积极主动的方案，可以利用人工智能的变革力量，同时保护社会价值。透过遵循这些原则，马来西亚可以创造一个公平、透明和包容的人工智能生态系统，造福所有公民。当我们共同前进时，这些指导方针有望促进负责任的创新，尊重人类尊严并增进社会福祉。

陈奕强《人工智能治理和道德准则》原文：AI Governance and Ethics

The recent launch of the National Guidelines on AI Governance and Ethics (AIGE) by Malaysia's Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI) on September 20, 2024, is an important step for the country in managing artificial intelligence (AI). This initiative is not just a set of rules; it is a comprehensive plan to ensure that AI technologies are developed and used responsibly in Malaysia. As we move into a more digital world, having ethical guidelines is crucial.

The AIGE supports the Malaysia National AI Roadmap 2021-2025, which aims to use AI across different sectors to boost productivity and innovation. The guidelines focus on several key goals:

Promoting Responsible AI: AIGE sets out important principles such as fairness, reliability, safety, privacy, inclusiveness, transparency, and accountability. These principles help guide developers and users in creating AI systems that consider ethics alongside technology.
Building Trust: By addressing risks linked to AI development and use, AIGE aims to build public trust in these technologies. Having clear ethical standards and accountability measures is essential for people to feel confident in AI systems.
Maximising Benefits: The guidelines aim to improve national productivity and competitiveness through responsible AI use while following international best practices. This positions Malaysia as a leader in ethical AI governance.

The AIGE tackles several important ethical issues related to AI technologies:

Fairness: Making sure AI systems do not show bias or discrimination.
Privacy and Security: Requiring clear consent for data collection and processing.
Transparency: Ensuring that users understand how AI makes decisions.
Accountability: Holding developers responsible for the results of their AI systems.
Human Oversight: Ensuring humans remain in control of critical AI applications.
These ethical considerations are vital for building public trust in AI technologies, especially as concerns about privacy invasion and misinformation grow.

AIGE also focuses on protecting consumer rights, recognizing that as AI technologies change, we need better ways to protect individuals. Key consumer rights outlined in the guidelines include:

Transparency: Consumers should receive clear explanations for decisions made by AI systems.
Data Privacy: Personal data must be collected with consent and used only for specific purposes.
Rights to Object and Deletion: Consumers can challenge decisions made by AI and request their data be deleted.
Non-Discrimination: Ensuring everyone has equal access to services without bias based on personal characteristics.

These protections are important because many consumers want more control over their personal data in today’s digital world.

To ensure these guidelines are followed, AIGE includes several mechanisms:

Self-Governance Framework: Encouraging voluntary adherence to ethical standards among stakeholders.
Regulatory Oversight: Government agencies will monitor compliance with ethical standards.
Risk-Based Approach: Different obligations will be assigned based on the risk associated with various AI applications.
Regular Reviews: The guidelines will be updated regularly to keep up with technological advancements.

These measures aim to ensure accountability while promoting responsible innovation in Malaysia's growing tech landscape.

AIGE also aligns with global initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. This alignment offers many benefits:

Promoting Sustainable Practices: Encourages solutions that tackle global challenges like climate change.
Enhancing Social Equity: Ensures everyone has access to technology, especially marginalised communities.
Improving Corporate Accountability: Encourages companies to act responsibly regarding ethical practices.
Driving Economic Growth: Boosts innovation across various sectors.
Building Trust and Acceptance: Increases public confidence in technologies through ethical considerations.

Industry leaders believe that following these principles benefits society and improves a company’s reputation in a market increasingly focused on sustainability.

In my opinion, the establishment of AIGE is a major step forward for Malaysia. It not only addresses immediate ethical concerns but also lays a foundation for sustainable growth in the tech industry. By prioritising ethical practices, we can ensure that the benefits of AI are available to all Malaysians rather than just a select few.

Moreover, promoting transparency and accountability will empower consumers by allowing them to make informed decisions about their interactions with AI technologies. This empowerment is crucial in an era where digital literacy is essential.

The collaborative approach encouraged by AIGE—bringing together government agencies, industry players, and civil society—will help create a more inclusive dialogue about technology's role in our lives. As we embrace these guidelines, we can build a future where technology serves humanity ethically and fairly.

In conclusion, the National Guidelines on AI Governance and Ethics represent a proactive approach to harnessing the transformative power of AI while protecting societal values. By following these principles, Malaysia can create a fair, transparent, and inclusive AI ecosystem that benefits all citizens. As we move forward together, there is hope that these guidelines will promote responsible innovation that respects human dignity and enhances societal well-being.